Kev txhim kho kev ua tiav ntawm lub zog

Txij li thaum hloov kho thiab qhib, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam hluav taws xob tau tsim kho sai, ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam, feem ntau tshwm sim hauv:
Lub peev xwm muab khoom tau zoo tuaj. Tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev siv zog, Tuam Tshoj tau pib tsim cov qauv kev siv hluav taws xob nrog cov thee ua lub hauv paus, hluav taws xob ua qhov chaw, thiab kev txhim kho tag nrho ntawm cov roj, roj, thiab lub zog tauj dua tshiab, thiab tau pib tsim lub zog ua tiav. Ib pawg ntawm super loj thee mines nrog lub peev xwm ntawm kaum tawm lab tons tau tsim. Hauv xyoo 2006, tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb yog 2.21 billion tons ntawm cov qauv thee, qeb thib ob hauv ntiaj teb. Ntawm lawv, kev tsim cov thee nyoos yog 2.37 billion tons, qeb thib ib hauv ntiaj teb. Ntau lub hauv paus roj loj, suav nrog Daqing, Shengli, Liaohe, thiab Tarim, tau tsim ua tiav. Hauv xyoo 2006, cov roj crude tau nce mus txog 185 lab tons, ua tiav kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua thiab qeb thib tsib hauv ntiaj teb. Kev tsim cov roj ntsha ntuj tau nce sai, los ntawm 14.3 billion cubic meters hauv xyoo 1980 txog 58.6 billion cubic meters hauv xyoo 2006. Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab hauv thawj lub zog hluav taws xob yog maj mam nce. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hluav taws xob yog sai heev, nrog rau kev txhim kho lub peev xwm thiab lub zog hluav taws xob nce mus txog 622 lab kilowatts thiab 2.87 trillion kilowatt teev raws li, ob qho tib si thib ob hauv ntiaj teb. Txoj kev thauj mus los thoob plaws lub zog tau tsim kho sai, nrog kev txhim kho kev thauj mus los tau zoo. Sab hnub poob mus rau East thee tsheb thauj mus los railway kab thiab chaw nres nkoj terminals tau tsim, lub North mus rau sab qab teb roj tsheb thauj mus los pipeline network tau tsim, sab hnub poob mus rau East gas kis kab mob, thiab sab hnub poob mus rau East hluav taws xob kis tau tus mob thiab lub regional power grid. kev sib txuas lus tau ua tiav.
Kev txuag hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb. Los ntawm 1980 txog 2006, Tuam Tshoj lub zog siv tau txhawb nqa qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm 9.8% hauv kev lag luam hauv tebchaws nrog qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm 5.6%. Ntawm tus nqi tas li hauv 2005, kev siv hluav taws xob ib 10000 yuan ntawm GDP poob los ntawm 3.39 tons ntawm cov qauv thee hauv xyoo 1980 mus rau 1.21 tons ntawm cov qauv thee hauv xyoo 2006, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev txuag hluav taws xob ntawm 3.9%, thim rov qab kev nce qib ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. ib unit ntawm GDP nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, kev hloov pauv, kev cia, kev thauj mus los, thiab kev siv lub davhlau ya nyob twg yog 33%, qhov nce ntawm 8 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm xyoo 1980. Lub zog siv hluav taws xob hauv ib chav tsev khoom tau txo qis, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev siv hluav taws xob. thee noj cov khoom xws li steel, cement, thiab loj-scale hluavtaws ammonia thiab thoob ntiaj teb advanced theem tseem nqaim.
Cov theem ntawm kev siv tshuab yog kev txhim kho sai heev. Tuam Tshoj tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb tau cim los ntawm "kev tshawb xav thiab kev siv cov roj av loj" tau txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm roj av geological theory theory. Kev lag luam roj av thiab ntuj tsim tau tsim ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tsim kho tshuab ua tiav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov blocks nyuaj thiab kev txhim kho cov nqi roj rov qab, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm thoob ntiaj teb. Kev lag luam thee tau tsim ntau cov mines loj nrog cov qib siab thoob ntiaj teb, thiab kev siv tshuab ua ke ntawm cov mines tseem ceeb tau txhim kho zoo. Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, kev tsim hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws thiab lub peev xwm loj loj tau siv dav. Kev tsim, engineering technology, thiab khoom tsim khoom ntawm hydropower chaw nres tsheb tau mus txog lub ntiaj teb qib siab. Nuclear fais fab tau pib tau txais lub peev xwm los tsim nws tus kheej thiab tsim ntau lab kilowatt pressurized dej reactors. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau ua rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm high-temperature gas cooled reactors thiab ceev neutron breeder reactors. Cov thev naus laus zis rau kev tswj cov pa phem xws li flue gas desulfurization thiab kev txhim kho thiab kev siv lub zog tauj dua tshiab tau txhim kho sai. Qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo 500 kV DC thiab 750 kV AC kis tau tus mob ua qauv qhia tau ua tiav tiav thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, thiab qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo 800 kV DC thiab 1000 kV AC ultra-high voltage kis tau tus mob kev sim ua qauv qhia tau pib.
Kev vam meej tau ua nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Tsoomfwv Suav tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tau dhau los ua txoj cai tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws. Kev paub txog ib puag ncig ntawm txhua qhov chaw hauv zej zog feem ntau tau nce. Tom qab United Nations Conference on Environment and Development nyob rau hauv 1992, Tuam Tshoj tau tsim "Tuam Tshoj Agenda 21" thiab ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv ib puag ncig los ntawm kev cai lij choj, kev lag luam thiab lwm yam, ua kom muaj kev vam meej. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev siv hluav taws xob tseem tsom rau kev txo qis thiab kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig kev puas tsuaj thiab kev ua qias tuaj los ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab kev siv hluav taws xob. Xyoo 2006, kev teeb tsa tus nqi ntawm cov chaw tshem tawm plua plav thiab kev ua raws li cov dej khib nyiab rau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau mus txog ze li 100%. Tag nrho cov pa luam yeeb thiab plua plav emissions yog qhov pib zoo ib yam li xyoo 1980, thiab cov pa luam yeeb thiab plua plav tawm hauv ib chav tsev hluav taws xob tau txo los ntawm 90%. Nyob rau hauv 2006, lub peev xwm nruab ntawm desulfurization thermal fais fab units ua tiav thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm thoob teb chaws mus txog 104 lab kilowatts, tshaj li tag nrho ntawm 10 xyoo dhau los. Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm thermal hwj chim units nruab nrog desulfurization chaw nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntsia muaj peev xwm ntawm thermal zog nce los ntawm 2% nyob rau hauv 2000 mus rau 30%.
Kev lag luam ib puag ncig yog maj mam txhim kho. Lub zog ua lag luam ib puag ncig hauv Suav teb tau maj mam txhim kho, thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua. Kev tawg tau ua nyob rau hauv restructuring ntawm lub zog lag luam, thiab niaj hnub kev lag luam system tau pib tsim. Diversification ntawm cov peev txheej, kev loj hlob sai hauv kev nqis peev ntawm lub zog, thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam loj. Kev tsim khoom thiab kev ncig ntawm kev lag luam thee tau pib ua tiav kev lag luam. Kev lag luam hluav taws xob tau ua tiav kev sib cais ntawm tsoomfwv thiab kev lag luam, nrog rau kev sib cais ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thiab cov tes hauj lwm, thiab tsim cov koom haum tswj hwm. Kev lag luam roj thiab roj tau pib ua tiav kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov dej ntws thiab cov dej ntws, kev lag luam hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv mus tob zuj zus, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm tus nqi yog niaj hnub txhim kho.
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm Suav kev lag luam thiab kev ua kom nrawm ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam hauv nroog, kev xav tau hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, thiab tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg, kev lag luam, huv si, thiab kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob tau ntsib cov teeb meem tseem ceeb, tau hais los ntawm:
- Cov peev txheej zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Cov txheeb ze tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo hauv Suav teb tau txwv kev txhim kho cov peev txheej; Kev faib tawm tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kuj ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntawm cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov; Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, kev tsim hluav taws xob tsis tsim nyog, qib qis ntawm lub zog thev naus laus zis thiab cov cuab yeej siv, thiab qib kev tswj hwm rov qab tau ua rau muaj kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dua rau ib chav tsev ntawm GDP thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj dua li lub teb chaws nruab nrab ntawm cov teb chaws siv hluav taws xob loj, ntxiv exacerbating qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lub zog mov thiab kev thov. Kev cia siab ib leeg rau kev nce lub zog yog qhov nyuaj kom ua tau raws li kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
Kev siv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov thee, thiab ib puag ncig siab nce ntxiv. Coal yog lub zog tseem ceeb hauv Suav teb, thiab cov qauv hluav taws xob tswj hwm los ntawm cov thee tsis zoo li yuav hloov mus rau lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm yav tom ntej. Cov txheej txheem thee rov qab thiab siv tau zoo tau nce siab rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Kev siv thee yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide pa phem thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide emissions. Nrog rau kev nce ceev ntawm cov tsheb tsav tsheb hauv Suav teb, huab cua muaj kuab paug hauv qee lub nroog tau dhau los ua kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pa luam yeeb thiab cov tsheb tsav tsheb. Yog tias qhov xwm txheej no txuas ntxiv mus, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua rau thaj chaw ecological.
Kev ua lag luam tsis zoo tag nrho, thiab lub peev xwm teb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog. Tuam Tshoj lub zog lag luam kev lag luam yuav tsum tau txhim kho, thiab lub zog tus nqi mechanism tsis tau muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho cov peev txheej, kev xav tau thiab kev sib raug zoo, thiab cov nqi ib puag ncig. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua qub, thiab kev tswj hwm lub zog tseem yuav tsum tau txhim kho. Muaj ntau qhov kev ruaj ntseg tsis txaus ntseeg hauv kev tsim cov thee mine, cov qauv hluav taws xob tsis tsim nyog txaus, thiab cov roj cia muaj peev xwm tsis txaus. Kev ceeb toom ntxov thiab kev kub ntxhov tau zoo rau kev teb rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab cov xwm txheej kub ntxhov loj yuav tsum tau txhim kho ntxiv thiab ntxiv dag zog.
Tsawg kawg yog 35 billion tons ntawm cov roj sib npaug ntawm lub zog tshiab combustible ice tau pom nyob rau hauv Qinghai Tibet Plateau
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 25, 2009, nws tau tshaj tawm hauv Beijing tias Tuam Tshoj geological department tau tshawb pom ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg tshiab lub zog hu ua combustible ice (tseem hu ua natural gas hydrate) ntawm Qinghai Tibet Plateau, uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv. txog kaum xyoo.
Nyob rau ntawm lub rooj sib tham xov xwm hnub ntawd, Zhang Hongtao tau hais tias qhov no yog thawj zaug Tuam Tshoj tau tshawb pom cov dej khov hauv av, ua rau Tuam Tshoj yog peb lub teb chaws tom qab Canada thiab Tebchaws Meskas los tshawb pom cov dej khov uas tawg tau los ntawm lub teb chaws drilling cov kev pab cuam hauv av. Nws tau qhia tias raws li kev kwv yees ua ntej, cov peev txheej yav tom ntej yog tsawg kawg 35 billion tons ntawm cov roj sib npaug.
Cov dej khov uas muaj hluav taws kub kub yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw dej thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob rau hauv qhov kub siab thiab kub kub. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv yooj yim, siab combustion tus nqi, huv si thiab tsis muaj kuab paug, thiab tau dav lees paub tias yog lub zog tshiab loj tshaj plaws uas tseem tsis tau tsim hauv ntiaj teb.
Lub Xeev Council Cov Ntaub Ntawv Lub Chaw Haujlwm tau tshaj tawm Daim Ntawv Dawb ntawm Tuam Tshoj Txoj Cai Hluav Taws Xob (2012) thaum Lub Kaum Hli 24, 2012. Qhov no suav nrog cov xwm txheej tam sim no, cov cai, thiab cov hom phiaj ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev txhim kho hluav taws xob, kev txhawb nqa kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog tshiab thiab txuas ntxiv mus. , kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob huv si ntawm fossil zog, txhim kho cov kev pabcuam kev siv hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb, kev ua kom lub zog thev naus laus zis kev nce qib, kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm lub zog hloov kho, thiab ntxiv dag zog thoob ntiaj teb. kev koom tes. Cov phiaj xwm taw qhia tias Tuam Tshoj yuav ruaj khov thiab siv zog tsim lub zog tshiab thiab txuas ntxiv mus. Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 12th Tsib Xyoo Plan, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis siv hluav taws xob hauv thawj lub zog siv yuav ncav cuag 11.4%, thiab qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis siv hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yuav ncav cuag 30%.